切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华心脏与心律电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (01) : 28 -35. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-6568.2026.01.005

临床研究

新疆兵团农村居民血脂指标与心血管疾病发病关联的队列研究
杜泽宇1, 郭恒1, 张向辉1, 何佳1, 木拉提别克·克尔曼1, 马儒林1, 郭淑霞1,2,()   
  1. 1832000 石河子,石河子大学医学院预防医学系
    2832000 石河子,国家卫生健康委中亚高发病防治重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-03-25
  • 通信作者: 郭淑霞
  • 基金资助:
    兵团指导性科技计划项目(2024ZD026); 天山英才科技创新团队(2023TSYCTD0020)

A cohort study on the association between blood lipid indicators and the incidence of cardiovascular disease among rural residents in Xinjiang Corps

Zeyu Du1, Heng Guo1, Xianghui Zhang1, Jia He1, Kelamu Mulatibieke1, Rulin Ma1, Shuxia Guo1,2,()   

  1. 1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    2Key Laboratory of High-Incidence Diseases Prevention and Control in Central Asia, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shihezi 832000, China
  • Received:2025-12-16 Published:2026-03-25
  • Corresponding author: Shuxia Guo
引用本文:

杜泽宇, 郭恒, 张向辉, 何佳, 木拉提别克·克尔曼, 马儒林, 郭淑霞. 新疆兵团农村居民血脂指标与心血管疾病发病关联的队列研究[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2026, 14(01): 28-35.

Zeyu Du, Heng Guo, Xianghui Zhang, Jia He, Kelamu Mulatibieke, Rulin Ma, Shuxia Guo. A cohort study on the association between blood lipid indicators and the incidence of cardiovascular disease among rural residents in Xinjiang Corps[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Heart and Heart Rhythm(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(01): 28-35.

目的

探究多种血脂指标与心血管疾病(CVD)发病的关联强度及其对CVD发病的预测价值,为新疆农村地区CVD干预措施和发病风险的预测提供参考依据。

方法

本研究为队列研究。2016年9月选择新疆兵团第三师图木舒克第51团(新疆兵团内最具代表性的维吾尔族农村聚居地)居民作为基线调查对象,收集研究对象年龄、性别等社会人口学信息,体力活动、吸烟/饮酒暴露等生活习惯信息,身高、体重、血压等体格检查信息及总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等实验室检查结果。同时于2019年9月至2023年12月对该地区维吾尔族人群进行随访调查,采用Kaplan-Meier估计累积结局发生率,Cox比例风险模型评估暴露(血脂指标)与结局(CVD发生)的关联,用受试者工作曲线(ROC)评价预测效能。

结果

共纳入9 183名居民作为研究对象,年龄为(38.1±14.1)岁,其中男占50.5%(4 638/9 183)。中位随访6.3(5.6,6.9)年,随访期间新发CVD为1 079例,累计发病率为11.7%(1 079/9 183);多因素模型调整结果示残余胆固醇、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、CVD风险指数Ⅰ型、CVD风险指数Ⅱ型、甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与维吾尔族人群CVD发生有关,其中CVD风险指数Ⅰ型与CVD发病具有显著关联,其四分位数的风险比(HR)[95%置信区间(CI)]分别为1.87(1.51~2.31)、2.20(1.79~2.72)和2.40(1.96~2.95),CVD风险指数Ⅱ型的HR(95%CI)分别为1.75(1.43~2.15)、2.14(1.76~2.62)和2.22(1.82~2.71);纳入ROC的各血脂指标均能在一定程度上提升模型对CVD事件的识别能力,其中CVD风险指数Ⅱ型(曲线下面积为0.77,灵敏度为75.3%,特异度为66.3%)的效果较优。

结论

除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇外的其余血脂指标均与CVD发病风险呈正向关联,残余胆固醇的关联较弱;其中CVD风险指数Ⅱ型在区分是否发生CVD事件方面表现相对更佳。

Objective

To quantify the strength of association between multiple lipid parameters and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate their predictive value, so as to provide evidence for CVD prevention strategies and risk prediction in rural Xinjiang.

Methods

This was a cohort study. In Septemper 2016, residents of the 51st Regiment, Tumshuq, 3rd Division, Xinjiang Corps (the most representative rural settlement of the Uyghur people within the Xinjiang Corps) were enrolled as the baseline population. Information on sociodemographics (age, sex, et al), lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, alcohol use et al), anthropometry (height, weight, blood pressure et al), and laboratory indices—total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were collected. Uyghur participants were followed up from Septemper 2019 to December 2023. Cumulative incidence was estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate associations between each lipid marker and incident CVD. Discrimination was assessed with receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

A total of 9 183 residents [mean age (38.1±14.1) years, 50.5% (4 638/9 183) male] were included. During a median follow-up of 6.3 (5.6–6.9) years, 1 079 new CVD events occurred, giving a cumulative incidence of 11.7% (1 079/9 183). After multivariable adjustment, remnant cholesterol, non-HDL-C, cardiovascular risk index-Ⅰ(TC/HDL-C), CVD risk index-Ⅱ (LDL-C/HDL-C)and TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with incident CVD. cardiovascular risk index-Ⅰ showed the strongest relationship: hazard ratios (HR) across quartiles were 1.87 (95%CI 1.51–2.31), 2.20 (95%CI 1.79–2.72) and 2.40 (95%CI 1.96–2.95). Corresponding HRs for cardiovascular risk index-Ⅱ were 1.75 (95%CI 1.43–2.15), 2.14 (95%CI 1.76–2.62) and 2.22 (95%CI 1.82–2.71). All lipid measures improved model discrimination, CVD Risk Index-Ⅱ performed best (area under the curve 0.77, sensitivity 75.3%, specificity 66.3%).

Conclusion

Except for HDL-C, other studied lipid variables were positively associated with CVD risk, albeit remnant cholesterol showed a weaker association. cardiovascular risk index -Ⅱ provided the best discrimination for future CVD events in this rural Uyghur population.

表1 9 183例新疆兵团农村居民不同心血管疾病发病结局的基本情况比较
图1 不同血脂指标四分位数组CVD累计发病率(1A为TG;1B为TC;1C为LDL-C;1D为HDL-C;1E为RC;1F为CRI Ⅰ;1G为CRI Ⅱ;1H为non-HDL-C;1I为TG/HDL-C比值)CVD为心血管疾病,TC为总胆固醇,TG为甘油三酯,HDL-C为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,LDL-C为低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,RC为残余胆固醇,non-HDL-C为非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,CRI Ⅰ为CVD风险指数Ⅰ型,CRI Ⅱ为CVD风险指数Ⅱ型;RC=TC-HDL-C-LDL-C,CRI Ⅰ=TC/HDL-C,CRI Ⅱ=LDL-C/HDL-C
表2 不同各血脂指标与心血管疾病发病风险的Cox比例风险回归分析
变量 模型1 HR(95%CI 模型2 模型3 趋势P
P 变量 HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
TC
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.16(0.95~1.40) 0.139 1.13(0.93~1.37) 0.020 1.07(0.88~1.29) 0.048 0.002
Q3 1.61(1.35~1.92) <0.001 1.47(1.23~1.76) <0.001 1.24(1.04~1.49) 0.020
Q4 1.88(1.58~2.24) <0.001 1.64(1.37~1.95) <0.001 1.26(1.06~1.51) 0.011
TG
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.48(1.38~1.58) <0.001 1.36(1.27~1.45) <0.001 1.23(1.01~1.50) 0.044 <0.001
Q3 1.98(1.89~2.07) 0.003 1.77(1.67~1.87) <0.001 1.44(1.20~1.75) <0.001
Q4 2.35(2.26~2.44) <0.001 2.13(2.02~2.24) 0.006 1.47(1.21~1.79) <0.001
HDL-C
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 0.90(0.85~1.11) 0.691 0.87(0.85~1.11) 0.411 0.98(0.83~1.14) 0.760 0.072
Q3 0.83(0.70~0.97) 0.023 0.77(0.66~0.91) 0.002 0.84(0.71~0.98) 0.037
Q4 0.58(0.48~0.69) <0.001 0.57(0.47~0.68) <0.001 0.60(0.50~0.72) <0.001
LDL-C
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.35(1.10~1.64) 0.003 1.31(1.07~1.60) 0.007 1.32(1.08~1.61) 0.006 <0.001
Q3 2.03(1.69~2.44) <0.001 1.89(1.58~2.27) <0.001 1.77(1.47~2.13) <0.001
Q4 2.11(1.76~2.54) <0.001 1.95(1.62~2.34) <0.001 1.60(1.33~1.93) <0.001
CRI Ⅰ
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 2.09(1.69~2.58) <0.001 1.96(1.69~2.58) <0.001 1.87(1.51~2.31) <0.001 <0.001
Q3 2.61(2.12~3.21) <0.001 2.43(1.98~2.99) <0.001 2.20(1.79~2.72) <0.001
Q4 3.16(2.58~3.87) <0.001 3.01(2.42~3.63) <0.001 2.40(1.96~2.95) <0.001
CRI Ⅱ
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.85(1.51~2.27) <0.001 1.80(1.47~2.21) <0.001 1.75(1.43~2.15) <0.001 <0.001
Q3 2.41(1.98~2.94) <0.001 2.33(1.91~2.84) <0.001 2.14(1.76~2.62) <0.001
Q4 2.63(2.17~3.20) <0.001 2.56(2.10~3.12) <0.001 2.22(1.82~2.71) <0.001
RC
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.15(0.94~1.41) 0.005 1.12(0.91~1.37) 0.270 1.07(0.87~1.32) 0.520 0.008
Q3 1.32(1.09~1.61) 0.180 1.26(1.03~1.54) 0.024 1.18(0.96~1.45) 0.110
Q4 1.57(1.30~1.90) <0.001 1.45(1.19~1.76) <0.001 1.31(1.07~1.60) 0.009
non-HDL-C
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.51(1.43~2.03) <0.001 1.45(1.18~1.79) <0.001 1.34(1.09~1.65) 0.005 <0.001
Q3 2.30(1.89~2.78) <0.001 2.10(1.73~2.54) <0.001 1.76(1.45~2.15) <0.001
Q4 2.61(2.16~3.15) <0.001 2.33(1.92~2.81) <0.001 1.75(1.44~2.12) <0.001
TG/HDL-C
Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00
Q2 1.38(1.12~1.69) 0.002 1.29(1.05~1.58) 0.013 1.18(0.94~1.45) 0.008 <0.001
Q3 1.84(1.52~2.23) <0.001 1.69(1.39~2.05) <0.001 1.38(1.13~1.68) 0.001
Q4 2.65(2.21~3.18) <0.001 2.51(2.09~3.01) <0.001 1.86(1.54~2.25) <0.001
表3 各血脂指标区分CVD与非CVD人群的受试者工作曲线效能比较
图3 纳入原始模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积的比较TG为甘油三酯,HDL-C为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,LDL-C为低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,RC为残余胆固醇,non-HDL-C为非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,CRI I为心血管疾病风险指数Ⅰ型,CRI Ⅱ为心血管疾病风险指数Ⅱ型,TC为总胆固醇;调整性别、年龄、中心性肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟及饮酒;CRI Ⅰ=TC/HDL-C,CRI Ⅱ=LDL-C/HDL-C
[1]
刘明波, 何新叶, 杨晓红, 等. «中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023»要点解读[J]. 中国心血管杂志, 2024, 29(4): 305-324.
[2]
Wadström BN, Wulff AB, Pedersen KM, et al. Elevated remnant cholesterol increases the risk of peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, and ischaemic stroke: a cohort-based study[J]. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(34):3258-3269.
[3]
Yokokawa H, Yasumura S, Tanno K, et al. Serum low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio as a predictor of future acute myocardial infarction among men in a 2.7-year cohort study of a Japanese northern rural population[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2011, 18(2):89-98.
[4]
Walldius G, Jungner I. The apoB/apoA-I ratio: a strong, new risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a target for lipid-lowering therapy--a review of the evidence[J]. J Intern Med, 2006, 259(5):493-519.
[5]
Raja V, Aguiar C, Alsayed N, et al. Non-HDL-cholesterol in dyslipidemia: review of the state-of-the-art literature and outlook[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2023, 383:117312.
[6]
北京协和医院世界卫生组织疾病分类合作中心. 疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类: ICD-10: 第十次修订本. 第一卷[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2008.
[7]
中国高血压防治指南修订委员会,高血压联盟(中国,中华医学会心血管病学分会中国医师协会高血压专业委员会等. 中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)[J].中国心血管杂志,2019, 24(1):24-56.
[8]
中国血脂管理指南修订联合专家委员会. 中国血脂管理指南(基层版2024年)[J].中华心血管病杂志,2024, 52(4):330-337.
[9]
中国中西医结合学会检验医学专业委员会. 非传统血脂指标与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险管理中国专家共识[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2022, (4):405-421.
[10]
Johannesen CDL, Mortensen MB, Langsted A, et al. ApoB and non-HDL cholesterol versus LDL cholesterol for ischemic stroke risk[J]. Ann Neurol, 2022, 92(3):379-389.
[11]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 1992, and changes in the definition of current cigarette smoking[J]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1994, 43(19):342-346.
[12]
Sun K, Ren M, Liu D, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies[J]. Clin Nutr, 2014, 33(4):596-602.
[13]
李文远, 吴昊谕, 郝翔, 等. 抑郁对急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心血管预后影响的真实世界研究[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2022, 10(4):197-203.
[14]
Agongo G, Raal F, Nonterah EA, et al. Non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C are associated with self-reported cardiovascular disease in a rural West African population: analysis of an array of lipid metrics in an AWI-Gen sub-study[J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17(12):e0278375.
[15]
Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Beyond LDL-C levels, does remnant cholesterol estimation matter?[J]. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2020, 27(10):1088-1090.
[16]
Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Remnant cholesterol and risk of ischemic stroke in 112,512 individuals from the general population[J]. Ann Neurol, 2019, 85(4):550-559.
[17]
邓颖琪, 唐敏华, 张可欣, 等. 上海市社区人群残余胆固醇与动脉硬化性心血管疾病发生风险的关联研究[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2025, 46(6):935-941.
[18]
Wadström BN, Wulff AB, Pedersen KM, et al. Elevated remnant cholesterol increases the risk of peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, and ischaemic stroke: a cohort-based study[J]. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(34):3258-3269.
[19]
Lu S, Bao MY, Miao SM, et al. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and their additive effects on myocardial infarction and stroke: a cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2019, 7(18):436.
[20]
米蕊, 刘文韬, 高萌, 等. 神经酰胺及残余胆固醇与老年脑卒中患者颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的相关性研究[J]. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2024, 26(1):59-62.
[21]
Wu Y, Liu F, Adil D, et al. Association between carotid atherosclerosis and different subtypes of hypertension in adult populations: a multiethnic study in Xinjiang, China[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(7): e0219580.
[22]
铁日格力, 孙勇, 徐抒, 等. 515名维吾尔族居民膳食模式与肥胖的关联性研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2017, 21(5):461-464.
[23]
Rodríguez-Pérez C, Martínez-González MA, Clish CB, et al. Non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C are associated with self-reported cardiovascular disease in a rural West African population: analysis of an array of lipid metrics in an AWI-Gen sub-study[J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(1): e0281234.
[24]
Quispe R, Martin SS, Michos ED, et al. Remnant cholesterol predicts cardiovascular disease beyond LDL and ApoB: a primary prevention study[J]. Eur Heart J, 2021, 42(42): 4324-4332.
[25]
Fu L, Tai S, Sun J, et al. Remnant cholesterol and its visit-to-visit variability predict cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: findings from the ACCORD cohort[J]. Diabetes Care, 2022, 45(9):2136-2143.
[26]
王超, 张萍. 血脂比值预测心血管疾病的临床研究进展[J]. 山东医药, 2015, 55(36):99-102.
[27]
赵晓彩. LDL-C水平正常老年人群血脂比值与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2020.
[28]
李风祥, 单迎光, 郜旌红, 等. TG/HDL-C比值与冠状动脉微循环疾病的相关性研究[J]. 临床心血管病杂志, 2021, 37(11):1036-1039.
[29]
杨芳, 迪力拜尔·玉素甫, 杨萍, 等. 图木舒克市不同民族成年人血脂水平调查分析[J]. 兵团医学, 2022, 20(3):3-5.
[30]
利耀辉, 薛振香, 王雯, 等. 喀什地区疏附县维吾尔族人群血脂异常率及相关危险因素分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2018, 33(9):775-781.
[31]
沈安娜, 李建新, 刘芳超, 等. 静息心率对10年心血管疾病风险的影响[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2023, 11(1):5-11.
[1] 郝玥萦, 毛盈譞, 张羽, 汪佳旭, 韩林霖, 匡雯雯, 孟瑶, 杨秀华. 超声引导衰减参数成像评估肝脂肪变性及其对心血管疾病风险的预测价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(08): 770-777.
[2] 张雅琪, 熊超, 邱琳, 杨蓉. 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩小于胎龄儿的早期生长发育模式[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2025, 21(06): 643-649.
[3] 谢起根, 苏诚, 徐哲, 李作青. 改良Byars分期尿道成形术与传统术式治疗重型尿道下裂的队列研究[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 429-435.
[4] 李兴旺, 钟永红, 刘占振, 李月玮, 李庆忠, 姚坤厚, 黄亮. 经肛微创手术(TAMIS)的学习曲线分析[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(04): 353-358.
[5] 赵灵芝, 石光英. 熊去氧胆酸联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗脂肪肝合并高脂血症患者的临床疗效研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(08): 589-593.
[6] 刘丹, 张克石, 康清源, 袁平, 关振鹏. 生命早期危险因素暴露与成年期疾病的关系[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(07): 520-525.
[7] 温欢, 苏博, 刘金波, 王宏宇. 北京市社区中老年人群非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与抑郁风险的关联性[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 414-419.
[8] 王玲洁, 王瑷萍, 李朝军, 丁跃有, 杨德业, 赵清, 崔兆强, 王京昆, 王宏宇. 心脏和血管健康技术创新研发策略专家共识(2024第一次报告,上海)[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(05): 323-336.
[9] 王美琴, 潘海涛, 陈祥菲, 吴婉, 周昱和, 王砚青. S100B 蛋白在心血管疾病中的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 229-233.
[10] 罗漫灵, 黄莉萍. 子痫前期对孕产妇心血管系统的远期影响[J/OL]. 中华产科急救电子杂志, 2025, 14(04): 205-209.
[11] 彭辉, 王燕青. 2型糖尿病载脂蛋白E基因多态性与糖尿病视网膜病变及血脂水平相关研究[J/OL]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2025, 13(04): 270-274.
[12] 王瑞, 张小杉, 魏颖, 王雅晳. 人工智能赋能心血管影像学在早期筛查与亚临床病变评估中的应用进展[J/OL]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2025, 13(03): 153-158.
[13] 陈公渊, 黄周青. 《2024年ESC肥胖与心血管疾病临床共识》解读[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2025, 13(03): 140-148.
[14] 王国峰, 吕舒, 肖金潭, 刘国力, 刘伯芹. 体重变异性与泛血管疾病关系的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2025, 11(02): 135-141.
[15] 宋宇佳, 孟化. 基于营养刺激激素受体靶点新型减重药物的临床研究现状与进展[J/OL]. 中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志, 2025, 11(01): 33-39.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?