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中华心脏与心律电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02) : 98 -104. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-6568.2026.02.006

临床研究

脓毒症合并慢性心力衰竭患者入科首日血清白蛋白水平与院内死亡风险的相关性
黄东亚, 蒋奎荣, 李强†()   
  1. 1210009 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)重症医学科
    2210009 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)胰腺中心
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-01 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 通信作者: 李强

Association of serum albumin levels on intensive care unit admission with in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis complicated by chronic heart failure

Dongya Huang, Kuirong Jiang, Qiang Li†()   

  1. 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Provience Hospital), Nanjing 210029, China
    2Department of Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Provience Hospital), Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-25
  • Corresponding author: Qiang Li
引用本文:

黄东亚, 蒋奎荣, 李强. 脓毒症合并慢性心力衰竭患者入科首日血清白蛋白水平与院内死亡风险的相关性[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2026, 14(02): 98-104.

Dongya Huang, Kuirong Jiang, Qiang Li. Association of serum albumin levels on intensive care unit admission with in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis complicated by chronic heart failure[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Heart and Heart Rhythm(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(02): 98-104.

目的

探讨脓毒症合并慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者入重症医学科(ICU)首日血清白蛋白水平与院内死亡风险之间的关系。

方法

本研究采用回顾性队列设计,数据来源于重症监护医学信息(MIMIC-Ⅳ)数据库。纳入符合研究标准的脓毒症合并CHF患者,收集患者的年龄、性别等人口学特征,简化急性生理学评分Ⅱ、序贯器官衰竭评估评分等疾病严重程度评分,体温、心率等生命体征,血清白蛋白、白细胞计数等实验室检查指标,以及高血压、糖尿病等合并症情况等临床数据。运用多因素Logistic回归模型评估白蛋白水平与院内死亡风险的独立相关性,通过广义加性模型和双分段回归模型,分析白蛋白水平与院内死亡风险的非线性关系,并确定其拐点。

结果

共纳入1 093例脓毒症合并CHF患者,年龄为(74.2±12.5)岁,其中男占57.5%(628/1 093)。患者院内死亡率为25.3%(276/1 093)。经多因素Logistic回归模型调整混杂因素后,白蛋白水平每升高1 g/L,院内死亡风险降低5%(OR=0.95,95%CI 0.92~0.98,P=0.002)。平滑曲线拟合和双分段回归分析进一步揭示,白蛋白水平与院内死亡风险之间存在显著的非线性关系,拐点位于28 g/L:当白蛋白水平<28 g/L时,白蛋白水平每升高1 g/L,院内死亡风险降低12%(OR=0.88,95%CI 0.83~0.95,P<0.001);当白蛋白水平>28 g/L时,白蛋白水平对死亡风险的影响无统计学意义(OR=1.01,95%CI 0.95~1.07,P=0.826)。

结论

ICU脓毒症合并CHF患者的低白蛋白水平与较高的院内死亡风险独立相关,且两者之间存在非线性关系。当白蛋白水平<28 g/L时,较高的白蛋白水平对降低院内死亡风险具有保护作用。

Objective

To investigate the relationship between serum albumin (ALB) levels on the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality risk in patients with sepsis complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF), and to evaluate for a potential non-linear association.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the medical information mart for intensive care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database. The patients with sepsis and CHF who met the study criteria were included. Demographic data, such as age and gender, as well as disease severity scores (simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ, sequential organ failure assessment), vital signs (e.g., body temperature, heart rate), laboratory indicators (e.g., serum albumin, white blood cell count), and comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) were collected. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between ALB and in-hospital mortality. Generalized additive models and two-piecewise regression models were employed to analyze the non-linear relationship between ALB and in-hospital mortality risk and to identify the inflection point.

Results

A total of 1 093 patients with sepsis complicated by CHF were included. The mean age was (74.2±12.5) years, and 57.5% (628/1 093) were male. The in-hospital mortality rate was 25.3% (276/1 093). After adjusting for confounding factors using multivariable Logistic regression, for every 1 g/L increase in ALB, the in-hospital mortality risk decreased by 5% (OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.92-0.98, P = 0.002). Smooth curve fitting and two-piecewise regression analysis further revealed a significant non-linear relationship between ALB and in-hospital mortality risk, with an inflection point at 28 g/L. Specifically, when ALB levels were below 28 g/L, every 1 g/L increase in ALB was associated with a 12% reduction in mortality risk (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.83-0.95, P < 0.001). However, when ALB levels were above 28 g/L, ALB had no statistically significant impact on mortality risk (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 0.95-1.07, P = 0.826).

Conclusion

Low ALB levels on the first day of ICU admission in patients with sepsis complicated by CHF are independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, and there is a non-linear relationship between them. When ALB levels are below 28 g/L, higher ALB levels have a significant protective effect on reducing in-hospital mortality.

表1 1 093例不同白蛋白水平的合并慢性心力衰竭脓毒症患者的基线特征及临床结局比较
项目 白蛋白<26 g/L组 白蛋白26~30 g/L组 白蛋白>30 g/L组 P值
例数 277 297 519
白蛋白(g/L,
±s)
21.5±3.3 28.1±1.4 35.3±3.5 <0.001
年龄(岁,
±s)
75.0±10.7 74.4±12.8 73.7±13.2 0.345
男[例(%)] 174(62.8) 172(57.9) 282(54.3) 0.069
BMI(kg/m2,
±s)
29.7±7.2 29.6±8.5 30.7±10.5 0.006
疾病严重程度评分
APS Ⅲ 评分(分,
±s)
70.1±23.0 58.4±20.4 54.1±19.5 <0.001
SAPS Ⅱ 评分(分,
±s)
51.3±14.5 46.6±13.7 43.8±13.1 <0.001
SOFA评分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] 8.0(5.0,11.0) 7.0(5.0,10.0) 7.0(5.0,9.0) <0.001
GCS评分(分,
±s)
11.0±4.1 11.6±3.8 11.5±4.0 0.171
生命体征
体温(℃,
±s)
36.5±1.1 36.8±1.0 36.8±0.8 <0.001
心率(次/min,
±s)
89.5±20.8 91.7±21.6 88.3±20.6 0.083
呼吸频率(次/min,
±s)
20.9±6.4 20.7±6.1 20.5±6.2 0.582
收缩压(mmHg,
±s)
114.6±25.7 118.7±24.4 126.3±25.9 <0.001
实验室检查指标
阴离子间隙(mmol/L,
±s)
16.0±5.6 15.5±5.1 16.6±5.2 0.017
乳酸[mmol/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 1.9(1.4,3.5) 1.6(1.1,2.7) 1.6(1.1,2.6) 0.002
白细胞计数[×109/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 12.0(7.8,18.5) 12.6(8.5,17.6) 11.0(7.9,14.6) 0.002
血红蛋白(g/L,
±s)
91±21 96±20 108±22 <0.001
血小板计数[×109/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 194.0(131.0,305.0) 195.0(129.0,265.0) 192.0(141.0,260.5) 0.468
肌酐[mg/dl,M(Q1,Q3)] 1.9(1.1,3.1) 1.6(1.0,2.8) 1.6(1.0,2.9) 0.172
尿素氮[mg/dl,M(Q1,Q3)] 38.0(25.0,57.0) 34.0(22.8,56.2) 33.0(21.0,50.0) 0.007
谷丙转氨酶[U/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 25.0(14.0,67.5) 23.5(13.0,49.0) 22.0(14.0,44.0) 0.175
谷草转氨酶[U/L,M(Q1,Q3)] 41.0(21.8,113.8) 35.0(21.0,80.2) 34.0(22.5,71.5) 0.363
总胆红素[mg/dl,M(Q1,Q3)] 0.6(0.3,1.2) 0.6(0.4,1.1) 0.6(0.4,1.0) 0.959
血糖[mg/dl,M(Q1,Q3)] 129.0(96.0,177.0) 131.0(102.0,176.5) 139.0(107.0,181.5) 0.039
血钙(mg/dl,
±s)
7.9±0.9 8.2±0.8 8.7±0.9 <0.001
血钾(mmol/L,
±s)
4.4±0.8 4.3±0.8 4.5±0.9 0.004
血钠(mmol/L,
±s)
137.2±6.7 138.4±6.5 137.8±5.5 0.066
血镁(mg/dl,
±s)
2.0±0.4 2.0±0.4 2.1±0.6 0.022
血磷(mg/dl,
±s)
4.3±1.9 4.2±1.8 4.1±1.6 0.181
合并症
慢性肾病[例(%)] 254(91.7) 257(86.5) 439(84.6) 0.018
高血压[例(%)] 36(13.0) 41(13.8) 100(19.3) 0.031
糖尿病[例(%)] 133(48.0) 150(50.5) 258(49.7) 0.830
慢性肺疾病[例(%)] 93(33.6) 97(32.7) 214(41.2) 0.020
恶性肿瘤[例(%)] 60(21.7) 44(14.8) 52(10.0) <0.001
临床结局
住院死亡[例(%)] 107(38.6) 66(22.2) 103(19.8) <0.001
住院时长[d,M(Q1,Q3)] 11.7(5.7,20.9) 9.1(5.8,16.8) 8.7(5.3,14.6) 0.003
住ICU时长[d,M(Q1,Q3)] 3.7(2.0,7.1) 3.2(2.0,5.8) 3.1(1.9,6.2) 0.231
表2 脓毒症合并慢性心力衰竭患者院内死亡单因素分析
表3 不同模型中血清白蛋白与合并慢性心力衰竭的脓毒症患者院内死亡风险的关系
图1 通过曲线拟合显示白蛋白与脓毒症合并慢性心力衰竭的患者院内死亡风险存在非线性关系(红色实线为白蛋白与院内死亡风险的非线性关系,蓝色虚线为95%可信区间;调整的协变量为年龄、急性生理学评分Ⅲ、简化急性生理学评分Ⅱ、序贯器官衰竭评估评分及乳酸)
表4 使用两分段线性模型解释白蛋白与脓毒症患者心力衰竭患者院内死亡风险的非线性关系
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