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中华心脏与心律电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (03) : 156 -163. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-6568.2025.03.005

临床研究

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的治疗策略与疗效评估
郑宁宁, 付永兵, 薛枫(), 凌琳, 徐明珠, 蒋廷波   
  1. 215006 苏州,苏州大学附属第一医院心血管内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2025-09-25
  • 通信作者: 薛枫
  • 基金资助:
    苏州大学自然科学类横向科研项目(H211252)

Treatment strategies and efficacy evaluation of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Ningning Zheng, Yongbing Fu, Feng Xue(), lin Ling, Mingzhu Xu, Tingbo Jiang   

  1. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Published:2025-09-25
  • Corresponding author: Feng Xue
引用本文:

郑宁宁, 付永兵, 薛枫, 凌琳, 徐明珠, 蒋廷波. 梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的治疗策略与疗效评估[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2025, 13(03): 156-163.

Ningning Zheng, Yongbing Fu, Feng Xue, lin Ling, Mingzhu Xu, Tingbo Jiang. Treatment strategies and efficacy evaluation of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Heart and Heart Rhythm(Electronic Edition), 2025, 13(03): 156-163.

目的

总结单中心梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(HOCM)的临床治疗经验。

方法

连续收集2020年1月至2022年12月在苏州大学附属第一医院接受治疗的左心室流出道峰值压差(LVOTPG)≥50 mmHg的HOCM患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为经皮心内膜室间隔射频消融术(PESA)组、改良Morrow组和单纯药物组。比较3组患者治疗前及治疗12个月后LVOTPG、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及肺动脉收缩压(PASP)的差异,并比较PESA组与改良Morrow组在手术时间、住院天数、术后出现心律失常及需植入心脏起搏器情况的差异。

结果

治疗12个月后,PESA组和改良Morrow组患者静息和Valsalva动作后的LVOTPG分别降低(39.29±18.28)mmHg、(50.00±21.23)mmHg、(69.29±20.73)mmHg及(99.79±23.82)mmHg(P=0.001),而单纯药物组则分别上升(13.43±13.11)mmHg(P=0.002)及(17.36±14.68)mmHg(P=0.001)。PESA组和改良Morrow组的IVS分别减少(1.07±2.95)mm(P=0.433)和(2.85±3.13)mm(P=0.005),而单纯药物组增加(1.14±1.51)mm(P=0.014)。此外,PESA组与单纯药物组的LVEF分别提高(5.64±5.37)%(P=0.002)和(0.93±5.65)%(P=0.549),而改良Morrow组则下降(1.43±4.97)%(P=0.302)。PESA组和改良Morrow组的LVEDD分别下降(1.21±4.76)mm(P=0.357)和(0.71±4.46)mm(P=0.560),而单纯药物组增加(1.29±4.08)mm(P=0.260)。PESA组和改良Morrow组患者PASP分别降低10.00(5.75,17.25)mmHg(P=0.001)和7.50(5.50,14.00)mmHg(P=0.002),而单纯药物组上升6.00(2.00,11.50)mmHg(P=0.012)。PESA组所有患者术后未出现严重心律失常。改良Morrow组中有3例患者因三度房室传导阻滞而植入永久起搏器。PESA组所需的手术时间及住院天数较改良Morrow组均明显缩短。

结论

PESA和改良Morrow术均可改善患者血流动力学及心功能,但PESA具有创伤小、术后无新发心律失常、手术时间及住院时间短等优势,是药物治疗效果不佳的HOCM患者除外科手术外的另一有效治疗选择。

Objective

To summarize the clinical experience of treating patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) in single center.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed the data of patients with HOCM, characterized by a left ventricular outflow tract peak gradient (LVOTPG) ≥ 50 mmHg, who were treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2020 and December 2022. Based on the different treatment methods received, patients were divided into three groups: the percutaneous elndocardial septum radiofrequency ablation (PESA) group, the modified Morrow group, and the medication-only group. Left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOTPG), interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter (LVEDD), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) among the three groups after 12 months of treatment were compared. Additionally, operation time, hospital days, incidence of postoperative arrhythmias, and pacing percentage between the PESA and modified Morrow groups were assessed.

Results

After 12 months, the PESA and modified Morrow groups showed reductions in LVOTPG at rest and after the Valsalva by (39.29±18.28) mmHg, (50.00±21.23) mmHg, and (69.29±20.73) mmHg and (99.79±23.82) mmHg (P=0.001), respectively, while the medication-only group showed increases of (13.43±13.11) mmHg (P=0.002) and (17.36±14.68) mmHg (P=0.001). Regarding IVS, the PESA and modified Morrow groups showed decreases of (1.07±2.95) mm (P=0.433) and (2.85±3.13) mm (P=0.005), respectively, whereas the medication-only group showed an increase of (1.14±1.51) mm (P=0.014). Additionally, LVEF improved by (5.64±5.37)% (P=0.002) in the PESA group and (0.93±5.65)% (P=0.549) in the medication-only group, while the modified Morrow group showed a decline of (1.43±4.97)% (P=0.302). Changes in LVEDD included decreases of (1.21±4.76) mm (P=0.357) in the PESA group and (0.71±4.46) mm (P=0.560) in the modified Morrow group, while the medication-only group exhibited an increase of (1.29±4.08) mm (P=0.260). PASP of the PESA and modified Morrow groups declined 10.00(5.75, 17.25) mmHg (P=0.001) and 7.50(5.50, 14.00) mmHg (P=0.002), respectively, while PASP of the medication-only group increased 6.00(2.00, 11.50) mmHg (P=0.012). No patients in the PESA group had severe arrhythmia after the operation. However, in the Morrow group, three patients received pacemaker implantation due to third-degree atrioventricular block. Significantly, the operation time and hospital days of the PESA group were notably shorter than those of the Morrow group.

Conclusion

Both the PESA and modified Morrow procedure can improve hemodynamic indexes and cardiac function of HOCM patients. However, PESA has the advantages of less trauma, no new postoperative arrhythmias, and shorter operation and hospitalization times, making it another effective treatment option besides surgical intervention for HOCM patients who do not respond well to medication treatment.

图1 心腔内超声构建的左心室、主动脉根部三维结构图[蓝色箭头所指为二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)区]
图2 经皮心内膜室间隔射频消融术后超声心动图(红色、蓝色箭头处为消融区高亮水肿带,蓝色箭头处水肿带厚度8 mm)
表1 42例梗阻性肥厚型心肌病接受不同治疗方法患者基线资料比较
表2 42例梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者不同治疗方法治疗前后静息及Valsalva动作后LVOTPG比较
图3 经皮心内膜室间隔射频消融术组不同随访时间的LVOTPGLVOTPC为左心室流出道峰值压差
表3 42例梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者不同治疗方法治疗前后血流动力学及心功能指标差异比较
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