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Chinese Journal of Heart and Heart Rhythm(Electronic Edition) ›› 2023, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (01): 5-11. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-6568.2023.01.002

• Artificial Intelligence · Big Data • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Association between resting heart rate and ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease in China

Anna Shen1, Jianxin Li1,(), Fangchao Liu1, Keyong Huang1, Zhenyan Fu2, Xiangfeng Lu1, Dongfeng Gu1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100037, China
    2. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
  • Received:2023-01-31 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-13
  • Contact: Jianxin Li

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the association between resting heart rate and ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease, and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was from the baseline survey of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR), including 117 309 participants aged 18 years and above in 15 provinces in China. Participants were categorized into five groups (<60, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, ≥90 beats/min) based on resting heart rates. The ten-year cardiovascular disease risks were estimated using the China-PAR equations, and those with ten-year risk ≥10% were identified as high-risk individuals. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of high-risk for cardiovascular disease associated with resting heart rates were estimated using multivariate Logistic regression.

Results

Sex- and age-adjusted levels of ten-year cardiovascular disease risk increased with elevated resting heart rate, which increased from 2.31% among participants at resting heart rates <60 beats/min to 2.67% among those at ≥90 beats/min. Similar trend was observed for prevalence of high-risk, which climbed from 5.15% among individuals at <60 beats/min to 7.09% among those at ≥90 beats/min. After adjustment for sex, age, education, marital status, occupation, work-related physical activity, and household income per capita, an increment of 10 beats/min in resting heart rate was associated with a 9% increment in prevalence of high-risk for cardiovascular disease (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.11). Compared with participants at resting heart rate 70-79 beats/min, those at 80-89 and ≥90 beats/min had ORs of 1.21 (95% CI 1.14-1.29) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.14-1.35), respectively. The association between resting heart rate and ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease was stronger in women, participants lived in urban and with higher monthly household income per capita, but weaker in farmers and population with moderate-heavy work-related physical activity.

Conclusion

Resting heart rate was independently associated with ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease. It could be used as a simple and auxiliary clinical indicator in pre-screening for high-risk population and evaluation for the effectiveness of cardiovascular disease interventions, particularly in women, population lived in urban, with higher income or with physical inactivity.

Key words: Cardiovascular disease, Resting heart rate, Ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease, High risk, Cross-sectional study

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