Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent clinical cardiac arrhythmia that exerts a profound adverse impact on patients' quality of life and long-term prognosis. Pulsed field ablation (PFA), as an emerging energy-based ablation technology, has brought a new direction for AF treatment. By elaborating on its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and comparative analysis with conventional ablation techniques, this review summarizes the advantages and limitations of PFA. Furthermore, it explores the latest research advances of PFA in AF treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice, and shed light on the direction of future research.