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中华心脏与心律电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (04) : 204 -208. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-6568.2022.04.003

所属专题: 总编推荐

冠状动脉病变

心房颤动合并急性冠脉综合征或经皮冠状动脉介入术后三联抗栓治疗的降阶策略
孙格1, 杨艳敏1,()   
  1. 1. 北京 100037,中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 国家心血管病中心 心血管疾病国家重点实验室 阜外医院急重症中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-24 出版日期:2022-12-25
  • 通信作者: 杨艳敏

De-escalating of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation with acute coronary syndrome and/or percutaneous coronary intervention

Ge Sun1, Yanmin Yang1,()   

  1. 1. Emergency and Critical Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
  • Received:2022-06-24 Published:2022-12-25
  • Corresponding author: Yanmin Yang
引用本文:

孙格, 杨艳敏. 心房颤动合并急性冠脉综合征或经皮冠状动脉介入术后三联抗栓治疗的降阶策略[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2022, 10(04): 204-208.

Ge Sun, Yanmin Yang. De-escalating of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation with acute coronary syndrome and/or percutaneous coronary intervention[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Heart and Heart Rhythm(Electronic Edition), 2022, 10(04): 204-208.

心房颤动患者常合并急性冠脉综合征或需要行经皮冠状动脉介入。这类患者需同时口服双联抗血小板药和抗凝药进行三联抗栓,出血风险显著增加。近年发表多项随机对照研究证实了直接口服抗凝药联合P2Y12受体抑制剂的双联抗栓治疗的安全性和疗效,并获得指南和专家共识的广泛认可,推荐基于患者的血栓栓塞风险、出血风险制订个体化的抗栓降阶方案,尽早停用阿司匹林,转为双联抗栓治疗。但三联抗栓降阶为双联抗栓的时间节点尚存争议。新发表的AUGUSTUS研究和MASTER DAPT研究的事后分析共同提示:30 d以后三联抗栓无明显疗效获益,且增加出血风险。最新研究为三联抗栓获益的最长30 d时限提供了有力证据。

表1 心房颤动(或有OAC适应证)合并ACS/PCI联合抗栓治疗的随机对照研究
临床研究 发表时间 OAC 联合抗栓方案 主要终点 终点事件发生率 研究不足 事后分析

WOEST研

16

2013年 华法林

VKA+氯吡格雷组和

VKA+DAPT组

PCI术后1年内的任

何出血事件

19.4%对44.4%; HR=

0.36 (95%CI 0.26~

0.50), P<0.000 1

样本量不足以评价缺

血事件

-

ISAR-TRI

PLE研

17

2015年 华法林

VKA+DAPT 6周组

和VKA+DAPT 6个

月组

缺血和出血的复合终

点事件

9.8% 对8.8%; HR=

1.14 (95%CI 0.68~

1.91), P=0.63

样本量不足以单独评

价出血事件或缺血

事件

VKA+DAPT 6个月组

出血风险较高,缺

血事件两组间差异

无统计学意义

PIONEER- AFPCI研

18

2016年 利伐沙班

利伐沙班15 mg,qd+

P2Y12受体拮抗剂

(组1)、利伐沙班

2.5 mg,bid+DAPT

(组2)和VKA+

DAPT(组3)

复合出血终点

16.8% (组1), 18.0%

(组2), 26.7% (组

3); 组1对 组3

HR=0.59 (95% CI

0.47~0.76), P<

0.001; 组2对组3

HR=0.63 (95%CI

0.50~0.80), P<0.001

样本量不足以评价缺

血事件;未控制单

一变量,无法区分

出血风险的减少究

竟归因于使用DO

AC或停用阿司匹林

-

RE-DUAL

PCI研

19

2017年 达比加群酯

达比加群酯110 mg,

bid+P2Y12受体拮

抗剂(组1)、达比

加群酯150 mg,

bid+P2Y12受体拮

抗剂(组2)和

VKA+DAPT(对照

组1和2)

大出血或临床相关的

非大出血事件

组1对对照组1:

15.4%对26.9%,

HR=0.52 (95%CI

0.42~0.63), 非劣

P<0.001, 优效

P<0.0001; 组2对

对照组2: 20.2%对

25.7%, HR=0.72

(95%CI 0.58~0.88),

非劣效P<0.001

同PIONEER-AF PCI

研究

-

AUGUSTUS

研究20

2019年 阿哌沙班

以P2Y12受体拮抗剂

为基础,两次随机

分组:阿哌沙班

5 mg,bid或VKA,

阿司匹林或安慰剂

大出血或临床相关的

非大出血事件

阿哌沙班对VKA:

10.5%对14.7%,

HR=0.69 (95%CI

0.58~0.81), 非劣

效及 优效P<0.001;

阿司匹林对安慰剂:

16.1% 对9.0%,

HR=1.89 (95%CI

1.59~2.24), P<0.001

样本量不足以评价缺

血事件

80%确定的及很可能

的支架内血栓发生

在PCI术后30 d

内;与安慰剂相比,

阿司匹林在随机化

30 d至6个月持续

增加出血,但不降

低缺血事件

EN-TRUST-

AF PCI研

21

2019年 艾多沙班

艾多沙班60 mg,qd+

P2Y12受体拮抗剂

和VKA+DAPT

复合出血终点

20.7%对25.6%; HR=

0.83 (95%CI 0.65~

1.05), P=0.001

同PIONEER-AF PCI

研究

-

MASTER

DAPT研 究亚组分

23

2021年 不限

PCI术后OAC+DAPT

治疗1个月后随机

分组:OAC+单抗血

小板治疗5个月

(短期组),继续使

用≥2个月的DAPT

后再转为单抗血小

板治疗(标准组)

净不良临床事件(死

亡、血栓和出血事

件复合终点);主要

不良心脑事件、复

合出血终点

净不良临床事件:

8.0%对9.6%; HR=

0.83 (95%CI 0.60~

1.15), P=0.26;主

要不良心脑事件:

5.9% 对6.7%; HR=

0.88 (95%CI 0.60~

1.30), P=0.53;复

合出血终点:9.9%

对11.7%; HR=0.83

(95%CI 0.62~1.12),P=0.25

PCI术后、随机分组

前的1个月内出现

缺血事件的患者被

排除,研究最终纳

入的可能为低缺血

风险患者

-
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